This Sunday (September 2) is the commemoration, or festival, of N.F.S. Grundtvig in the liturgical calendar of most Lutheran churches, including that of our new worship resource, Evangelical Lutheran Worship (pdf doc). In all probability, I will not say anything about it on Sunday, because (a) Saint John Lutheran has a German, not a Scandanavian, heritage, (b) this congregation is not as interested in hymnody as some other places I have been. And so, Grundtvig's commemoration is a part of my personal devotions today.
Grundtvig is one of my favorite figures in the Lutheran tradition, and I find his story and his thoughts intriguing and fascinating. He was born as the son of a Lutheran pastor in Denmark in 1783. By the end of his career, and even until today, he was known - along with Kierkegaard and H.C. Andersen - as one of the cultural heros of Denmark. He was a prolific hymn-writer, an educational reformer, a sometime politician, and a bishop without a diocese/synod. Grundvig created the Danish
"Folk School" model of education, a model still in use in many places.
As a theologian, Grundtvig attacked what he saw as the stagnant faith of the Lutheran orthodox movement of the 19th century, as well as what he saw as the theologically unsound faith of the Pietist. Influenced by the Greek Fathers (and perhaps the contemporaneous Oxford Movement in England, where he had some schooling), Grundtvig had an "Awakening" in 1810 to the idea that the fundamental aspect of Christian faith is the living Word - and that this Word lives most essentially in the Church (the living Body fo Christ), not in a set of doctrines or in any written Word. To find Christ, according to Grundtvig, we ought to look first to the Church and to the living sacramental traditions of Baptism and Holy Communion. If we wish something more concrete, we then ought to look to the Creeds - especially the Apostles' - as the oldest written proclamation of the living Word. It is then, informed by living Word, that we look to Scripture, the written Word.
It is unusual for modern students of theology, but the bulk of Grundtvig's theological work is found in his hymns - we have lost the sense of poetry as theology. His theology was so defining for the era, that Danish American Lutherans defined themselves - until well into the 20th century - as either Grundtvigian or anti-Grundtvigian.
In reflecting on Grundtvig with an Episcopal professor in seminary, we noted the similarity between his reforms of the church and those of the Oxford Movement. We then noted, along with what the Finnish School of Luther Studies has pointed out, the common denominator of influence by the Greek Fathers. It seems that all of the great reforms and renewals of the church involve, to some degree or another, a rediscovery of the Greek Fathers to balance out our influence by the Latins.
This post has gotten a bit long-winded, and so I will wait to post some of my favorite Grundtvig humns. Let me close with the prayer from ELW for renewers of the Church, which is today a part of my prayers:
Almighty God, we praise you for your servant Nikolaj Frederik Severin
Grundtvig, through whom you have called the church to its tasks and renewed its
life. Raise up in our own day teachers and prophets inspired by your
Spirit, whose voices will give strength to your church and proclaim the reality
of your reign, through Jesus Christ, our Savior and Lord, who lives and reigns
with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen